Miroslav Homola

A 20th century man lands on the Moon and discovers that Baron Munchausen has beaten him to it, accompanied by Cyrano de Bergerac and the characters from Jules Verne's novels about the conquest of the satellite.

Lemuel Gulliver has had a car accident and continues his journey across the unknown countryside on foot. On the road he finds a dead rabbit dressed like a man and takes a watch from its waistcoat breast pocket. The half-ruined house that he enters reminds Lemuel of his childhood and brings up a painful memory of a dearly loved girl Markéta who was drowned years ago. Gulliver finds himself in Balnibarbi, a country where he doesn't understand the laws and habits and so continually offends against public decency. It is a day when people are ordered to keep their mouths shut and they force their visitor to follow suit. He faces harsh interrogation and finds it difficult to explain that he is not the rabbit Oscar whose watch has been found in his possession.

Five young people take off in a lighter-than-air machine at the Prague Centennial Exhibition. In an Art Nouveau style, the film consists of live action generally shot in black and white, as well as hand-drawn, stop-motion, and cutout animation. Various live-action and animated elements are often composited into the same scene.

Slacker Maurice Fadinar wasted his whole inheritance and the only way out of this situation, as it seems, to marry Helen Nonankur - daughter of a wealthy farmer. At the last meeting with his mistress in a nearby forest Fadinar's horse eats straw hat which belongs to a married lady, spending time in the company of young and hot Lieutenant Emil. Emil literally puts a knife to Maurice throat - or the lady will get back the exact same hat immediately, or he will arrange such a scandal that no wedding will not happen ...

A fiction piece centered around the Czech resistance to the Nazis.

Good-natured and garrulous, Schweik becomes the Austrian army's most loyal Czech soldier when he is called up on the outbreak of World War I -- although his bumbling attempts to get to the front serve only to prevent him from reaching it. Playing cards and getting drunk, he uses all his cunning and genial subterfuge to deal with the police, clergy, and officers who chivy him toward battle.

A sincere provincial young man, Frantisek Koudelka leaves to work in Prague. For the trip he buys a computer made horoscope with biorhythms charts, marked according to his date of birth, there are trappy, precarious, unsuccessful and even critical days and few successful days. The clumsy luckless person Frantisek has finally a guidance for his life.

The central characters of this comedy with a criminal plot are the members of the seemingly normal Matěn family - we have dad Karel, a designer with a passion for filmmaking, mum Růženka, who wanted to be an actress, son Jirka and teenage daughter Vera, who likes photography. And you can't leave out the talkative grandfather who lives with the family. On Christmas Eve, the whole family is going to make an amateur film. However, the intricately planned event, during which they want to capture the picking up of a carp at the post office and its release into the river with a camera, is unfortunately ruined by a thief who takes advantage of the situation and steals a large sum of money. Suddenly everyone is under suspicion...

Alfons is invited by his brother-in-law to his niece's wedding. The uncle arrives in his luxury car. However, the wedding guests ignore his anxious worries about the car and send him here for beer, there for cement. The uncle objects, but the energetic bridesmaid acts. The car suffers, and so does the uncle. When the wedding guests finally decide to go to the town hall, the car is almost impassable. However, the confusion is far from over...

In Czechoslovakia, in the early 20th century, a seriously ill chemist recalls how he discovered a powerful explosive and how it ended up in the hands of anarchists.

Josef Lachman, once a security officer, serves twelve years for aiding an SS fugitive’s escape. Upon release, he works as a driver on a dam project, hunting buried English pounds Meyer told him about. With miner Rokos’s help, he retrieves the cash and hides it with his daughter Eva, but she spends some at Tuzex, Rokos blackmails him, and they discover the notes are WWII forgeries.

In Vražda v hotelu Excelsior, the interwar period homicide detective squad from Prague investigates the murder of a wealthy woman, Mrs Matoušová, which threatens the reputation of the eponymous luxury hotel popular with Prague’s elite. Even the retired police inspector Mrázek (František Filipovský), who works at the Excelsior as a hotel detective, is unable to help at first. Although the investigation inevitably uncovers the hotel staff’s scheming, Vacátko and his team unerringly follow the trail that leads them to the murderer…

1. A taxi driver barely finishes his coffee before a young woman asks for a ride to impress her boyfriend, only to reveal her beau’s ramshackle “plan” beside his sleek car. He then smooths over a quarreling couple, helps a frustrated engineer solve his machine’s fault in a dream, and delivers a masked father’s gifts for his estranged daughter. 2. Mr. Kalina, an airport employee, fulfills a flight attendant’s plea by taking in an orphaned African girl for the night. He ensures her safe transfer to a children’s home the next day. 3. Zaza, a coquettish milliner’s assistant, juggles the attentions of a shy tailor and her stern salon manager. After a humiliating fall on the runway, the tailor comforts her and stages a private reprise, revealing where her heart truly belongs.

Surrounded by a few party officials, Alexei Ivanov, a stakhanovist smelter, is decorated by Stalin. The "Little Father of the Peoples" takes this opportunity to invoke threats of war.... One day, war indeed breaks out. Bombs fall on the field where Alexei finds himself in the company of the schoolmistress Natacha, his fiancée. Alexei joins the Red Army and soon becomes a sergeant. Fighting rages and German troops advance. Natacha is arrested and deported. But the tide turns decisively with the German defeat at Stalingrad. Now the major offensive against Hitler can begin.

In the morning twilight of Prague, the dead body of the safe-breaker Toufar is found floating on the river Vltava with a knife in his back. Police inspectors visit Toufar's lover, the prostitute Anna Kulatá (Jirina Bohdalová), nicknamed Umbrella, and it is apparent that the moment before she opened the door of her flat, someone fled through the window. Umbrella is summoned for examination to the head of the criminal police - Police Councilman Vacátko Jaroslav Marvan, but although shocked by the photograph of the dead man, she does not confess to anything. Before Toufar, Umbrella lived with the safe-breaker Penicka (Radoslav Brzobohatý), who loved her very much and made her quit her street trade. But when he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment, Umbrella began to live with the brute Toufar, who chased her to street again. In the case of the murder, Penicka is therefore the prime suspect.

Getting into the popular music spotlight is not easy, as even an enthusiastic amateur, an overconfident young man whose singing career soon fails, will find out... A tantalising insight into the backstage of the entertainment industry, neither the musical passages nor the unexpectedly massive participation of the singing stars of the time succeeded.

The nine-year-old Prague boy Pepiček flies to Moscow as an involuntary stowaway on an airplane. Together with the Soviet pioneer Mischa, he pursues an alleged agent in the hustle and bustle of the World Festival and is flown back to Prague in the evening.

No description available.

The story of a friendship for life and death captures a real event that took place in the snowy Krkonoše Mountains in 1913. The actors of the drama were Bohumil Hanč, one of our first ski racers, and his friend Václav Vrbata. The film's plot takes place between 1912 and 1913 and is framed by two international 50 km races. After winning in 1912, Bohumil Hanč wants to stop racing at the behest of his wife Slávka. In 1913, strong foreign competitors enter the race, so Bohumil succumbs to the pleas of his friends and decides to race for the last time. However, the weather changes during the race. Strong winds and snow begin to blow, severe frost sets in, and for the racers, it means a fight for their lives.

A dedicated biologist, Dr. Petr Gabriel accidentally kills a child in a hit-and-run and, fearing the ruin of his career, hides the body and shifts blame onto two intruders. His new acquaintance Olga and investigator Major Válek grow suspicious as Petr’s fabricated evidence unravels, plunging him into increasingly desperate mistakes.

Inspector Cadek from the 13th police station keeps an eye on the released safe-cracker nicknamed The Cat. He rightly suspects that Cat will go and pick up his last loot which the police didn't manage to find and that he will want revenge on Karta who helped put him behind bars. At the hospital, Cat's ex-lover Fróny hopelessly falls for doctor Chrudimský and decides to start a new life. She still refuses to help the inspector in his search for The Cat and Karta.

Successful writer Gabriel Anděl still loves his wife Lola very much, but he can't stand the way she is always getting involved in his work, so he decides to divorce her. Just as he is about to move into his country villa, a police inspector appears on the scene with a warning that some crooks are planning to sell the house in question to a rich Czech-American. Anděl and the inspector immediately drive there and indeed find a gang of criminals disguised as servants. However, these are far from the only crooks involved in this complicated case. Before the crazy night is over, Gabriel and Lola will have many more surprises and complicated situations...

Telling the prisoners of a death camp. Boxer Tony Majer, who got into a concentration camp for a fight with the Gestapo, remembers the murderous work in quarries, on the cruel torture of the Nazis and prison solidarity that helped him survive.

The Ronov castle has been changed into a hotel, offering stylish facilities to its guests: weddings in the torture chamber, a Black Lancer kidnapping brides, a night's lodging in a family tomb etc. The reformed petty swindler Felix Pacínek (Bohumil Smída) runs the hotel. The business is far from thriving; the place is half-empty, and the jazz band Skeleton, together with their singer Zuzanka (Jaroslava Obermaierová), decide to leave. Nobody in the hotel has any idea that the band is in fact a gang of thieves who have just robbed the Prague State Bank, taking two million crowns from its vaults.

A boy dreams of winning an ice hockey game. Meanwhile, a professional hockey star moves into the neighborhood, offering his services as a goalkeeper--leading two rival teams of Prague schoolboys, The Little Lions and The Devil Street Boys, to fall over themselves in order to gain his favor. The goalie's son, basking in his father's glory, is asked to replace a member of the Lions team, prompting the usual boyish rivalries and battles. Some of the Lions players are so preoccupied with the impending "big game" that their schoolwork suffers, to the chagrin of their teachers and parents.

It is 5 May 1945 and the uprising against the hated German occupiers has broken out in Prague. The Czech guards open the gate of the Pankrác prison to allow the prisoners to escape en masse. Many of them are shot dead by the German guards but young Ruda (Jaromír Hanzlík) manages to run away. He is taken care of by one of the Prague fighters, concierge Kytka. Kytka hides him in the flat of the house's owner where only the young maid Karla (Jana Brejchová) is left, ordering her to take care of Ruda.

As a young actor František Lukávec and his teacher Vladimir Tuma became enemies. František insisted that Tuma was dismissed from the school as a reactionary and hostile to the new government. Many years passed, and here they met again on the stage of a theater. František is assigned the role of Julius Fucik, Tuma plays the role of a Gestapo man in the same play. In the course of the action, the Gestapo man beats Fucik. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Tuma beats up his old enemy during the dress rehearsal. Frantisek's face is bleeding, but he will still play. The rehearsal continues...

An adventure film about the struggle of the Czechoslovak security authorities against Western agents. In an express train departing from Nuremberg station, a cigarette box with plans and instructions for the destruction of one of the Czechoslovak dams is stuck under the seat. The State Security is informed about the whole operation and tries to catch the foreign agents.

An ambitious and selfish lawyer confesses to the murder of his first wife. Some of the scenes were filmed in the last weeks of the war.

Jaroslav Hašek screens four film stories in the fairground shed around 1900. After period advertising slides and a "newspaper", we see "the first part of a sensational, exemplary, parfuss, salon program - a film from the life of school-age children, shot under very difficult circumstances". The plot of this film takes place partly in a school classroom and partly in a gymnasium toilet, where the primate Chocholka took refuge from a Latin composition. "Exemplary Family Happiness" is the second film that takes the viewer into the family of the municipal official Honzátek, in which many stormy scenes occurred when the hamster, provided by Honzátek Jr., moved into the sofa - a wedding gift from Sister Ema. Equally surprising are two other stories, one of which tells about the "father of the poor", the owner of a company with unrecoverable cash flow and a famous patron, and the other about the fateful consequences of a joint trip between the old bachelor Mr. Hanzlíček and his neighbors.

The troubles of a young married couple with an overprotective mother and mother-in-law. Usually it ends with a wedding, but this time it begins. Young doctor Petr Dvořák marries the charming Marta Hábová. However, their honeymoon to Venice is unexpectedly complicated by Martina's widowed mother, a rich, kind, but very absent-minded lady. First, they are not allowed to cross the border because they did not declare the things she secretly packed for them for the trip, and then they spend the night behind bars because the mother-in-law, in her absent-mindedness, reports the secretly packed things as stolen after she catches a pair of robbers in her house. It is no wonder that the young marriage is soon shaken to its foundations...

The holidays of Vince Adamek, a student of the agricultural school in his native village in South Moravia, are purely working. He likes his job as a zootechnician so much that he seems to turn down an assistant position at the university...

In the era of the rise of Nazism in Germany, a strange man, exhibited in a circus for the amusement of the audience, is found to be the heir to a large fortune. The new owner must learn social behaviour and resist the advances of those who would like to seize his fortune themselves.

In a small Texas town where cowboys lived their usual lives, local villain Bill Crooked Mouth and his cronies played cards in the saloon and the bandits raided the town, there lived rancher Andrews and his daughter Daisy. One day, rancher Andrews succumbed to his evil passion and lost not only the girl's dowry, but also the entire ranch, to Bill and his villains at cards. But at that moment, rescue appeared in the form of the noble cowboy Sandy, who fell in love with the girl and rushed to her aid. Unfortunately, the father also lost his daughter in poker. Sandy saved him from suicide - he won everything back. Then a melee broke out, during which the guests whitewashed the entire saloon and chased out the villains, led by Bill Crooked Mouth. Daisy asked how Sandy had acquired the money he had invested in the game - he had won it in the Sportka lottery. And so their happiness was no longer hindered...

A communist agent, who has successfully caught on with the stupidly gullible American secret services, does not have it easy - he is threatened with exposal, but he still rescues a Czech scientist whom the evil imperialists wanted to kidnap. It was supposed to be a psychological portrait of an intelligence officer under intense stress, yet convinced of his truth...

Doctor Adéla Neradová, a medical doctor, has succumbed to the desire to uncover a criminal and become a kind of Sherlock Holmes in skirts. The thankless role of her Dr. Watson has fallen to her husband Peter, a professional photographer who helps her with the cases she gets involved in, but usually gets everything mixed up.

An official of a declining hockey club has a tip for a prodigy shooter: a young teacher Havranek is famous for his hits in a fairground shooting range, but he can't skate. Luckily, his daughter Alena is here...

The young dude, who can't even make responsible decisions in life, doesn't get along with the group of experienced workers where he started working for a long time. He resents being ridiculed for his not-so-hilarious tattoo, which he passes off as an eagle, but the people around him consider them to be chickens... However, the creators stress that everyone must mature and accept responsibility for their behaviour. However, the exhortative and executionally clumsy work-themed story relies on pre-approved schemes, unable to assert its own idiosyncratic perspective.

Who wouldn't want to return to the limelight? Years ago, actress Slávka Hradilová was a movie star. Today, she is approaching 60 and the most she does is appear in commercials. But she still keeps in shape. She regularly meets with friends to help them solve their problems, enjoys her teenage granddaughter, but above all she longs to get a big role in front of the movie camera again. When one day she gets an offer with a script in hand, she beams and heads to the studios where she was once almost a queen. But it turns out that times have changed, and today's directors want something different from actors than routine gestures and flashy facial expressions. So the former star is in for a profound disappointment...

The movie describes proletarian life in the Czech Lands after World War I.

A mobile chapel of St. Florian is moved every week between the villages of Zbořov and Spáňovice. The farmer Florian Jírovec, who has to provide his horses for this event, is tired of it and therefore supports the proposal to build a proper brick chapel in Zbořov. The saint himself visits him at night and is rewarded for his efforts with a miracle. He sends him a golden cord from the sky, which can regulate the weather...

A parody of operetta costumes, personas, old familiar situations with old familiar sandboxes and a happy ending.

The happenings in a shoe factory serve as a not very thinly veiled examination of the pros and cons of both socialism and democracy.

Honza Pavelka (Jan Hrusínský) wins the junior motorbike speed races. His thirteen-year-old brother Martin (Roman Cada), his assistant and biggest fan, answers the questions of his schoolfriend Pavlína in a superior tone. Student Zuzana (Libuse Safránková), who gave her scarf to Honza to wear around his neck for the races as a talisman is Honza's girlfriend. He met her when he came to her parent's home to repair the TV set. Honza declines an invitation to celebration with his friends. He goes off with Zuzana instead, but she refuses his intimate advances. The offended young man, who is about to serve his two years in the army, tries to blackmail her emotionally and the couple breaks up. Martin tries various schemes to bring them together again.

A small Czech town in the 1860s. The townspeople once made a fortune from the proceeds of gold mines that are now flooded. However, they do not want to invest in draining them, as they are convinced that it is not worth it. However, the cessation of mining has plunged the miners' family into poverty. After vain requests for help in the town and the governor's office, the miners decide to take action themselves...

An elderly rich lady, Hyacinta Horáková, is leaving for a spa. She entrusts her terrier Bobík to her sister-in-law Ludmila and her daughter Marcela, who live in her villa. The dog mysteriously disappears before long and there is no choice but to publish an advertisement promising a reward. In the newspaper's administration, advertising artist Ludvík Zoubek notices Marcela. He would like to please the girl who has charmed him and starts looking for the dog...

Car transport of the locomotive is difficult, as the cargo is bulky. The three-man crew of the tractor therefore experiences many difficulties on the long journey across Bohemia...

The border must be guarded against insidious intruders, of that the brave border guard has no doubt. He takes in a shot dog, gains its trust, and eventually, thanks to it, catches an enemy agent who wanted to disrupt the peaceful life of our progressive people.

Inspector Brumpby (Jaroslav Marvan) and the young crime reporter Allan Pinkerton (Vít Olmer) attend wedding of Sir Hannibal Morris (Oldrich Nový) with beautiful Clarence (Kveta Fialová). After the ceremony, Clarence's ex-husband, criminal Manuel Diaz (Waldemar Matuska), who was believed dead, shows up in her room. He wants to get his hands on Clarence and, most importantly, on the money she would inherit in the eventuality of her new husband's death. Diaz makes attempts on Hannibal's life. He knows his way about an underground labyrinth in the château and the traps he sets up for Hannibal seem to work, since Hannibal is apparently found dead after an explosion in the labyrinth, after which his body vanishes. The inspector tries to solve the countless mysteries. In this, he is joined by Allan, always ahead of the man of the law in his estimation and judgment of the situation.

Kaspar Len returns home after three years in the army. He vainly searches for the mason Kryštof’s family where he had lived before he left. All he finds out is that Kryštof’s daughter Márynka, who was in his thoughts all those years, is now working in the local brothel. He goes to visit her and Márynka tells him of the misfortunes which befell her family.

We learn that the greatest virtue of socialist competition is collective cooperation. This is what the young, physically fit assembler refuses to understand. He suspects his co-workers of overlooking his merits out of jealousy. And it takes him a long time to understand that the individual alone can do nothing, that only the collective has the necessary strength - and therefore the truth.

The famous operetta singer Jarmila Kšírová tries to hide her marital status from the sensationalist public. The heroine of the story is the star of the big operetta scene Soňa Jansová. For advertising reasons, it is claimed that she is still single and that she even avoids men. In reality, however, the operetta soubrette has been happily married to Dr. Karel Svoboda for several years and even has a four-year-old daughter, Evička. Her husband pretends to be only her legal representative and only sneaks into her apartment secretly...

A comedy about a young salesman Havelka, who gets his life's wish. He wins his dream car Spartacus in a lottery. So together with his fiancée, they experience a happiness they have never known before and have no idea that their dream car will complicate their lives...

At the end of the First World War, Nikola Shuhai and his friend from the army desert. On the way home, to the village of Kolochava, they both find refuge with baby Jaga. Jaga mixes them a drink to protect them from the deadly bullets. The bachelors must promise to marry her daughters in exchange for a drink, or they will be punished. Nikola finds his home village in poverty. He stands against the powerful and the rich, and they turn the gendarmes against him. Nikola hides from them in the woods, where he will remain even after the end of the war, because nothing has changed for the villagers. Out of poverty and hopelessness, other men join Nikola and together they raid the wealthy. Nikola distributes the obtained booty to the poor and needy, who see him as their protector and hero.

Two young, inexperienced students, dissatisfied with the demands of their teachers and the mentoring of their parents, try to cross illegally into the country - but because they are headed for friendly Poland, nothing happens to them. The story is set in the early 1960s and depicts the heyday of café bands. The two protagonists admire one such band, which plays jazz, misses school and wants to radically change their current life, which they find grey...

Amadeus Macků, the village postman, is an incorrigible dreamer obsessed with the desire to fly. He invents and builds his own hovercrafts, making himself a thorn in the side of his hillbilly neighbours. The group of pub chatterers are particularly annoyed by the wooden runway that the stubborn postman builds for his next experiment. But the guileless weirdo catches the eye of the local doctor, who has an acquaintance with a slick doctor from the big city...

No description available.

Three young men carry out a failed robbery of the box office of the Blaník cinema in Prague with tragic consequences. Only one of them has a chance to redeem himself.

While street photographers Máček and Kalabis are vainly offering their services to passersby, a pair of cronies rob a jewelry store almost right in front of their eyes. Kalabis accidentally manages to photograph one of the robbers. Coincidentally, the brutal thug is indistinguishable from the notorious bookseller Karel Pelikán. Hard times await him: the police, led by the experienced district inspector Moudřý, are interested in him, as well as a gang of criminals who accidentally slipped Karl a ticket from the train station locker where they hid the loot. The only ones who trust Karl are his good-natured aunt Klára and his girlfriend in love, Jarmila...

A kind-hearted man and lawyer's clerk, Kypr, selflessly takes care of his ward Anna Marie and in the evenings helps the poor and helpless with various legal problems at the U Hrubiána pub. While Anna Marie gains the opportunity to succeed as a singer, the aging man struggles with growing problems that stem not only from his work as a lawyer for the poor, but above all from his tragic past shrouded in mystery, which catches up with him again after years...

Twelve graduates of one year of DAMU decide to go to the regional theatre together. During the first season, the enthusiastic collective breaks up and only five remain, determined to continue.

A Czech satirical comedy set around 1900. The inhabitants of the small town of Pětice are excited by a mysterious package that is to be delivered to the best person in the village. Of course, all members of the town council claim the title of best person. In the end, it turns out that it was a cleverly thought-out prank intended to reveal the true character of the "better people" of the town.

Hairdresser Žofka Stárková desires fame perhaps more than other girls. The petty plans of her fiancé František do not satisfy her wild imagination. Žofka suddenly gains popularity when, while on her way to get an autograph, she discovers the dead body of the famous tenor Helbich and is arrested on suspicion of murder. Helbich actually committed suicide because he lost his voice. After being released from prison, Žofka receives an offer for the lead role in a forthcoming film. The dubious fame confuses her. She leaves her parents' modest apartment and quits her hairdressing business. Unfortunately, it soon becomes clear that she has no talent for acting, and the desperate director has the film edited in such a way that Žofka practically disappears from it...

After inheriting a villa from his uncle, Emil Tuma meets its strange inhabitants, getting him in trouble.

Set in a 1950s Moravian wine village, an elderly Josef, guided by his quirky life philosophy and humor, recalls key moments from his past. Across nine seasonal vignettes filled with local folklore and customs, he and his fellow elders remain fully engaged in the joys and trials of village life.

The bank officer Bedrich Hroch is sent by the bank director to the zoo, which asked an allocation of one and half kg of gold for a gold tooth for a hippo. During the check up of the hippo's teeth Bedrich is swallowed by the hippo. The man does not die in the hippo's guts and he chats quite happily with his frightened wife Dása. Journalist Pip Karen, his friend is also present to the dialogue and he has immediately an idea how to use this special situation. He tells to the new minister Borovec and his opponent professor Fibinger that there is a hippo in the zoo which can speak. He also tells them how to use this situation for a political propaganda.

Black comedy about a genius inventor and two young, smart and beautiful women. Both of them putting all their effort into getting the one man. This will inevitable lead to all sorts of mischief, crime and even a murder. This murder-comedy, shot at the dawn of normalization has intentionally broke off from any connection to the reality of its time. The director Zdeněk Podskalský has focused on creating intriguing story lines, revolving around the two endeavouring female characters who are fighting for the same man. Two competing parties are not only ready to kill the other, but also (if necessary) the potential groom. This film has enabled the members of the cast, composed mainly of the brightest stars of the Czech acting scene of that time, to show an incredible acting range, from the lightest comedy to the darkest cynical morbidity.

The story of a juvenile delinquent who, despite society's efforts to reform him, irrevocably ruined his life.

Konvalinka, a notorious betting man, has become the scourge of the establishment. He can turn anything into a bet. During one such bet, when he is not ashamed to take advantage of the manager to win, he is noticed by the owner's brother, Bohus, who is visiting a friend. After finding out who Konvalinka really is, he decides to shake the bettor down. Since he works as the manager of a small South Bohemian pub, he sets up a big operation to punish Konvalinka. He is seconded in this plan by his cougar father-in-law and Bohouš's St. Bernard son Pepa.

An international cycling race requires the full commitment of all forces, there is not only rivalry between the competitors, but also a willingness to help each other.